References
Peinado-Molina, R. A., Hernández-Martínez, A., Martínez-Vázquez, S., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., & Martínez-Galiano, J. M. (2023). Pelvic floor dysfunction: prevalence and associated factors.BMC Public Health, 23, 2005. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10576367
Wu et al. 2021: Electromyographic Biofeedback for Stress Urinary Incontinence or Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women — a systematic review and meta‑analysis including RCTs and non-RCTs, showing that adding EMG‑biofeedback to PFMT
modestly improved cure rates and muscle strength, though studies were heterogeneous and mainly from China.
BMC Women's Health 2023: Biofeedback for physiotherapist feedback postpartum — systematic review of RCTs from
2012–2022, concluding moderate-to-strong evidence supporting biofeedback-guided training to aid recovery of urinary and anal continence postpartum, based on effect sizes and clinically relevant outcomes.
Sciarra et al. 2021: Biofeedback-guided programs after radical prostatectomy — meta‑analysis in men showed faster return to pad-free continence and reduced pad weight when PFMT was biofeedback-guided versus PFMT
alone across 1‑ to 12‑month follow‑up.
Berghmans et al. 1996: Early RCT pooled in meta-analysis found that PFMT with biofeedback doubled odds of cure (OR ≈ 2.1), though confidence interval crossed unity.
Wang et al. 2024: Pressure‑mediated biofeedback with PFMT—a JAMA Network Open RCT (2024) in women with stress urinary incontinence, showing improved outcomes on pad tests, leakage, and strength versus control interventions.
Wagner B, Steiner M, Huber DFX, Crevenna R. The effect of biofeedback interventions on pain, overall symptoms, quality of life and physiological parameters in patients with pelvic pain : A systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2022 Jan;134(Suppl 1):11-48. doi: 10.1007/s00508-021-01827-w. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33751183; PMCID: PMC8825385.
Koh CE, Young CJ, Young JM, Solomon MJ. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of biofeedback for pelvic floor dysfunction. Br J Surg. 2008 Sep;95(9):1079-87. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6303. PMID: 18655219.
Hite M, Curran T. Biofeedback for Pelvic Floor Disorders. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2021 Jan;34(1):56-61. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714287. Epub 2020 Sep 4. PMID: 33536850; PMCID: PMC7843943.
Heymen S, Scarlett Y, Jones K, Ringel Y, Drossman D, Whitehead WE. Randomized, controlled trial shows biofeedback to be superior to alternative treatments for patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia-type constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Apr;50(4):428-41. doi: 10.1007/s10350-006-0814-9. PMID: 17294322.
Rao SS, Valestin J, Brown CK, Zimmerman B, Schulze K. Long-term efficacy of biofeedback
therapy for dyssynergic defecation: randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):890-6. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.53. Epub 2010 Feb 23. PMID: 20179692; PMCID: PMC3910270.
Gadel Hak N, El-Hemaly M, Hamdy E, El-Raouf AA, Atef E, Salah T, El-Hanafy E, Sultan A, Haleem M, Hamed H. Pelvic floor dyssynergia: efficacy of biofeedback training. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar;12(1):15-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Feb 24. PMID: 21429449.
Wagner B, Steiner M, Huber DFX, Crevenna R. The effect of biofeedback interventions on pain, overall symptoms, quality of life and physiological parameters in patients with pelvic pain : A systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2022 Jan;134(Suppl 1):11-48. doi: 10.1007/s00508-021-01827-w. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33751183; PMCID: PMC8825385.
Wu, X., Zheng, X., Yi, X. et al. Electromyographic Biofeedback for Stress Urinary Incontinence or Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Ther 38, 4163–4177 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-021-01831-6
Höder, A., Stenbeck, J., Fernando, M. et al. Pelvic floor muscle training with biofeedback or feedback
from a physiotherapist for urinary and anal incontinence after childbirth - a systematic review. BMC Women's Health 23, 618 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02765-7
Weatherall M. Biofeedback or pelvic floor muscle exercises for female genuine stress incontinence: a meta-analysis of trials identified in a systematic review. BJU Int. 1999 Jun;83(9):1015-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00091.x. PMID: 10368247.
Nunes EFC, Sampaio LMM, Biasotto-Gonzalez DA, Nagano RCDR, Lucareli PRG, Politti F. Biofeedback for pelvic floor muscle training in women with stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Physiotherapy. 2019 Mar;105(1):10-23. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.07.012. Epub 2018 Sep 24. PMID: 30686479.